This report is an attempt to bridge information gap relating to health of the urban poor in Uttar Pradesh. The Urban Health Resource Centre (UHRC) has been designated as the nodal technical agency for urban health by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Based on request of the MoHFW to generate information on health of the urban poor , UHRC analyzed the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data to arrive at health estimates of the urban poor and additionally undertook analyses of policies and programmes aimed at improving their health status. This report is part of the series of state urban health reports for better informing the urban health
programming efforts in the respective states.
This report is an attempt to bridge the information gap on health of the urban poor in Delhi. The Urban Health Resource Centre has been designated as the nodal technical agency for urban health program by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India. Based on request of the MoHFW to develop reports reflecting health scenario of urban poor in select Indian states, UHRC analysed the National Family Health Survey (NFHS- 2) data to arrive at health estimates of the urban poor and additionally undertook analyses of policies and programs aimed at improving health of urban poor in the state. This report is part of a series of state Urban Health Reports for better informing the urban health programming efforts in the respective states.
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
URBAN HEALTH INITIATIVES
February 9, 2006
Community Medicine Department, Government Medical College, Surat, Surat Municipal Corporation & Health & Family Welfare Department, Government of Gujarat, India.
This report describes maternal-newborn care practices and care of infants aged 2-4 months (feeding practices, morbidity status, immunization status and nutritional status) in urban slum dwellings of Indore city, Madya Pradesh (India). The findings presented in this report are from a study carried out by UHRC between Dec’04-Feb’06 in 11 out of 79 slums where it’s Indore Urban Health Program is operational since April, 2003. Also discussed in this report, are reasons for following these practices, what facilitates and what hinders following optimal practices and potential program options for their improvement.
The state of urban health in India; comparing the poorest quartile to the rest of the urban population in selected states and cities
Siddharth Agarwal
Environment and Urbanization April 13, 2011 vol. 23 no. 1 13-28 doi: 10.1177/0956247811398589
This paper titled “Maternal and Child Health Conditions of Rapidly Growing Urban Poor Populations: The Way Forward for City Governments-What can cities do to achieve MDGs?” was presented by Dr Siddharth Agarwal at World Mayors Conference held at Cochin (India) from 2-4 April 2005 on the theme “Millennium Development Goals and Role of Cities”
Article published in Indian Journal of Public Health Vol.49, No.3, 2005. For the National Rural Health Mission to achieve its goals, urban population needs to be included in its scope. Health status and access of reproductive and child health services of slum dwellers is poor and comparable to the rural population. Public sector urban health delivery system, especially for poor, has so far been sporadic, far from adequate and limited in its reach.
This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of 'Copyright Holder' for personal use, not for redistribution.
The definitive version was published in Global Public Health, Volume 3 Issue 3, July 2008.
doi:10.1080/17441690701592957 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441690701592957)
A State Level Workshop on Strengthening Urban Health Program under NRHM/RCH-II, Madhya Pradesh was organized on 14th - 15th October 2005, with the assistance of Urban Health Resource Centre. The workshop was aimed at strengthening urban health program within NRHM /RCH II in Madhya Pradesh for improving health conditions of urban poor populations in eight identified cities. The participants analyzed the achievements and challenges in urban health programs already underway in Indore, Bhopal and Jabalpur and examined the possibilities for Public Private Partnership for urban health program.
The detailed report of the workshop was released with a foreword from Dr. S K Satpathy, DC ( ID), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI and preface by Shri M.M. Upadhyay, Secretary, Public Health and Family Welfare, GoMP. The report summarizes the workshop presentations and discussions.
Article published in Journal of Neonatology Vol. 19, No. 4, 2005. Urban poor have significantly worse rates of neonatal mortality indicators than suggested by urban average data. The NMR is 31/1000 for urban India while it is nearly 40/1000 for the urban poor.Various challenges confronting prompt and quality care and transport of sick newborn that exist -at the slum home and community, during transit, the intermediate provider and the health facility, have been discussed in the paper.Evidence from parts of India and from other countries has shown that key low-tech interventions can significantly improve neonatal survival. The paper suggests options for improved care and transport of the sick urban neonate.
These Guidelines have been developed by the Ministry of Health&Family Welfare, Govt of India with technical support from USAID-EHP Urban Health Program
Urban Poor is a rapidly increasing segment of India’s population: With more than 90 million people living in urban poor settlements, the rate of urban poverty in India is staggering. An analysis of population growth trends between 1991 and 2001, show that while India grew at an average annual growth rate of 2%, urban India grew at 3%, mega cities at 4% and slum populations rose by 5 to 6%. These numbers are expected to rise and if the predictions are correct, then in the next 25 years the number of urban poor could end up in excess of 200 million
This report is an attempt to bridge the information gap relating to health of the urban poor in Rajasthan. The Urban Health Resource Centre (UHRC) has been designated as the nodal technical agency for urban health by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Based on the request of the MoHFW to develop reports reflecting health scenario of urban poor for select Indian states, UHRC analyzed the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2) data to arrive at health estimates of the urban poor and additionally undertook analyses of policies and programmes aimed at improving their health in the State. This report is part of the series of state urban health reports for generating information for the urban health programmes in the respective states.
Presentation made by Siddharth Agarwal at National Planning Workshop on Public private Partnerships in Health Sector in India organized by National Institute of Health and Family Welfare (NIHFW), New Delhi on November 28th , 2005
101st Induction Course for IAS Officers Workshop on Urban Health 27th September, 2006 Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy for Administration (Govt. of India) Mussourie
Technical support:Urban Health Resource Centre, New Delhi
Dr. Siddharth Agarwal
Executive Director, Urban Health Resource Center
Vasant Vihar, New Delhi
Shivani Taneja, Urban Health Consultant, UHRC
Pradeep Patra, Urban Health Consultant, UHRC
UHRC (formerly EHP) has been supporting implementation of an urban child health program in 75 slums of Indore through five Non Government Organizations – Community Based Organizations (NGO-CBO) consortia, since April 2003. This documents elaborates the lessons learned over first 20 months (May 2003- December 2004) from the program
India’s urban population has been increasing rapidly in recent decades along with rapid urbanization. It is estimated that 80.8 million persons in urban areas live below the poverty line. The urban poor rarely benefit from the facilities in urban areas and are as deprived as those in the rural areas. The health of the urban poor is considerably worse off than the non poor in urban area and is comparable to the rural figures.
This wall chart presents the health of the urban poor in India compared with other population groups based on an analysis of the Third National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) conducted in 2005-06. A wealth index has been developed based on 33 assets and household characteristics. The bottom quartile in urban areas is taken as the representative of the urban poor.
The urban poor population in Rajasthan has been increasing rapidly in recent decades along with rapid urbanization.As per the 2001 Census, 1.32 crore persons comprising 23.4 percent of the total population were living in towns and cities of Rajasthan. It is estimated that 47.51 lakh persons comprising 32.9 per cent of the urban population of the state live below the poverty line. Urban Poverty in Rajasthan is almost double that in rural areas of the state. The urban poor rarely benefit from the facilities in urban areas and are as deprived as those in the rural areas. The health of the slum communities is considerably worse off than the non poor in urban area and is comparable to the rural figures.
This wall chart presents health of the urban poor in Rajasthan compared with other population groups based on an analysis of the Third National Family Health Survey conducted in 2005-06. A wealth index which measures the economic status of households has been developed based on 33 assets and household characteristics. The bottom quartile in urban areas is taken as the representative of the urban poor.
This report is an attempt to bridge the information gap on health of the urban poor in Madhya Pradesh. The Urban Health Resource Centre has been designated as the nodal technical agency for urban health program by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India. Based on request of the MoHFW to develop reports reflecting health scenario of urban poor in select Indian states, UHRC analysed the National Family Health Survey (NFHS- 2) data to arrive at health estimates of the urban poor and additionally undertook analyses of policies and programs aimed at improving health
of urban poor in the state. This report is part of a series of state Urban Health Reports for better informing the urban health programming efforts in the respective states.
Report of formative research undertaken in October-November 2004 in urban slums of Indore to obtain empirical evidence on the age-appropriateness of DPT-I and DPT-III receipt and the drop-out rate in the DPT series.
Neonatal Care Scenario in the slums of Meerut, Uttar Pradesh: Implications for Program and Policy
MNCH Study in Meerut Slums
Conducted by: UHRC, JHU and CSMMU (KGMU)
Funded by: United States Agency for International Development
Agarwal Siddharth
One-third of India's urban population resides in slums and squatters, their vulnerability being characterized by poverty and powerlessness. Newborn care is sub-optimal among India's urban poor, yet scarcely documented. Neonates born in urban poor settings are at high risk of death owing to multitudinous factors. This paper discusses the situation of neonatal care and survival among the urban poor across states which are at different levels of social development. Challenges in addressing needs of the newborns in urban poor settings operate at community as well as program level and need to be addressed simultaneously. The paper describes these challenges and suggests a way forward in light of the existing opportunities and lessons from successful experiences. The following emerge imperative for improving newborn care among the urban poor in India: i) development of comprehensive lead programs through close partnership among academic agencies like National Neonatology Forum, NGOs, socially committed private doctors, hospitals and city governments; ii) improving demand, promoting household practices, service outreach through trained slum-based health volunteers and women group and encouraging slum-level health funds as a community risk pooling measure; iii) enhancing competence of slum-based TBAs to improve home delivery practices and encourage hospital deliveries by linking them to affordable facilities; iv) investment in building human resource capacity at all levels for providing improved newborn healthcare; v) partnership with the private sector (private/charitable health facilities and non-government organizations) and academia for enhancing service delivery and for advocating for greater attention to the urban poor newborn; vi) making the invisible visible and reaching the unreached and more vulnerable clusters.
The National Family Health Survey (NFHS) is a national level household survey to gather information on fertility, family planning, infant and child mortality, reproductive health, child health, nutrition of women and children, and the quality of health and family welfare services. The latest round conducted in 2005-06 (NFHS-3) sample represented more than 99 percent of India’s population living in all 29 states. The NFHS reports which present health indicators disaggregated by urban and rural areas mask the inherent differences which exist within urban areas.
In order to understand the health conditions of the urban poor, Urban Health Resource Centre (UHRC) undertook the analysis of the NFHS datasets by Wealth Index. The Wealth Index is a summary measure which reflects the economic status of the household by considering the household amenities and assets. The disaggregated health indicators by economic groups within urban areas presented in the above tables reveal the poor health conditions among the urban poor population and the sharp disparities which exist in urban areas.
Report of Consultative Urban Health Planning Workshop for Municipal Councils and Urban RCH II
First Review Meeting with Municipal Corporations, Maharashtra November 3-4, 2006 State Family Welfare Bureau, Govt. of Maharashtra Technical Assistance Urban Health Resource Centre
A pilot study on Hygiene promotion was being implemented in 5 urban slums of the Indore through the support of UHRC's program partners (NGOs-CBOs). Activities pertaining to hygiene behaviour promotion were carried out intensively in the selected slums. The findings of program assessment report show that hygiene messages have been well received by the community members and most of the families have started practicing desired behaviours. Seeing the enthusiastic level of community, an operational research ‘Hygiene Promotion Trial’ was carried out to measure the impact of interventions in improving the health condition of children. This reports presents details of the study
National Consultation Organised by
USAID-EHP Urban Health Programme
in collaboration with
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Government of India
Improving the Health of the Urban Poor
Lessons Learned and the Way Forward
30 June – 1 July
Bangalore
Proceedings and Recommendations
Urban health assumes great importance due to increasing urbanisation in the country as a whole and the state of west Bengal in particular. Though agricultural prosperity in West Bengal has checked the rural to urban migration and slowed down the rate of urbanisation in recent years, yet a whopping 28% of its total population lives in urban areas. The state ranks fourth in respect of absolute size of the urban population amongst all Indian states. Average population density in urban areas of the state is highest in the country. In absence of adequate government health infrastructure in urban areas, urban health mostly depends on private facilities. Though there is abundance of private facilities in urban areas, their quality varies to a great extent. Detection of polio cases in urban areas (one in 2001, seven in 2002, five in 2003 and two in 2005) clearly indicates that there are deficiencies in urban health care services, particularly in respect of preventive and promotive health.
Maharashtra is the second most urbanized state in India. It has an urban population of 4.1 crore comprising 42.4% of the state's population which is expected to be double by the year 2026. It is estimated that 1.46 crore persons comprising 32.2 % of the urban population of the state live below the poverty line. Maharashtra has the highest urban poor population in India and is rapidly growing. The urban poor rarely benefit from the facilities in urban areas and are as deprived as those in the rural areas. The health of the slum communities is considerably worse off than the non poor in urban areas and is comparable to the rural figures.
This wall chart presents health of the urban poor in Maharashtra compared with other population groups based on an analysis of the Third National Family Health Survey conducted in 2005-06. A wealth index which measures the economic status of households has been developed based on 33 assets and household characteristics. The bottom quartile in urban areas is taken as the representative of the urban poor.
Report on Technical Capacity Enhancement Workshop under the Urban Health Program
(For Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal)
29-30 April 2004
Narendra Nagar, Uttaranchal, India
Slum Communities Partner with Public and Private Health Providers: for Improving Access to Maternal and Child Health Services
6th International Conference on Urban Health, Baltimore, Maryland
Oct 31,-Nov 2, 2007
Siddharth Agarwal, Karishma Srivastava, Prabhat Jha, Rajeev Kumar
Urban Health Resource Center (UHRC), New Delhi
Garnering Local Strength, Wisdom, and Negotiation Capacity for Enhanced Service Utilization by Slum Dwellers
International Conference of Urban Health
Amsterdam, Netherlands, 25-28 October 2006
Sandeep Kumar,
Prabhat Jha & Karishma Srivastava, Arti Bhanot, Rajeev Kumar, Dr. Siddharth Agarwal
Sanitation: A Call on Resources for Promoting Urban Child Health
Renu Khosla, Amit Bhanot and Karishma S.
Center for Urban and Regional Excellence, Director, Center for Urban and Regional Excellence, C-2, Green Park Extension, New Delhi 110016, India.
Correspondence to: Dr. Renu Khosla, Center for Urban and Regional Excellence, Director, Center for Urban and Regional Excellence, C-2, Green Park Extension, New Delhi 110016, India.
E-mail:brenukhosla@cureindia.org
Workshop for South Asian Journalists on Reproductive and
Child Health: Issues and Challenges
August 23-24-, 2007
Siddharth Agarwal
Urban Health Resource Centre, India
This report is an attempt to bridge the information gap on health of the urban poor in Delhi. The Urban Health Resource Centre has been designated as the nodal technical agency for urban health program by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India. Based on request of the MoHFW to develop reports reflecting health scenario of urban poor in select Indian states, UHRC analysed the National Family Health Survey (NFHS- 2) data to arrive at health estimates of the urban poor and additionally undertook analyses of policies and programs aimed at improving health of urban poor in the state. This report is part of a series of state Urban Health Reports for better informing the urban health programming efforts in the respective states.
This report describes maternal-newborn care practices and care of infants aged 2-4 months (feeding practices, morbidity status, immunization status and nutritional status) in urban slum dwellings of Indore city, Madya Pradesh (India). The findings presented in this report are from a study carried out by UHRC between Dec’04-Feb’06 in 11 out of 79 slums where it’s Indore Urban Health Program is operational since April, 2003. Also discussed in this report, are reasons for following these practices, what facilitates and what hinders following optimal practices and potential program options for their improvement.
